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Knowledge Hub · 16 articles

Longevity Science

How ageing works at the level of cells, chromosomes and metabolism, and what the research says you can change.

About this topic

What these articles cover.

Ageing is not one process. It is a set of changes in cells and tissues that run at different speeds in different people, which is why two people of the same age can carry very different risk. These articles explain those changes: the hallmarks of ageing, how epigenetic clocks estimate biological age, what telomeres can and cannot tell you, and where newer ideas such as senolytics and GLP-1 drugs stand.

Start with the difference between lifespan and healthspan, then read how biological age is measured. The two clock articles are meant to be read together: one on what a clock result can and cannot tell you, one on which clock to trust.

Biological age, explained

Start here

All 16 Longevity Science articles

Fluorescence micrograph: white blood cells, the cells an epigenetic clock reads, with lobed and round nuclei in green

Longevity Science14 min read

Biological Age Testing: What the Clock Can—and Can’t—Tell You

A biological-age test can add context to your health data, but it is not a diagnosis, destiny, or complete measure of longevity.

Fundus photograph of a healthy human retina: the circular orange-red field of the retina on pure black

Longevity Science5 min read

Retinal AI Clocks: The Future of Biological Age Assessment

A physician-led analysis of how AI retinal clocks estimate biological age and uncover hidden metabolic risk factors for high-performing Indian executives.

A clear 96-well laboratory plate beside a multichannel pipette

Longevity Science37 min read

Biological Age Testing: Which Epigenetic Clock Actually Matters?

A physician-led guide to biological age testing and epigenetic clocks: what Horvath, PhenoAge, GrimAge, DunedinPACE, and newer tests actually measure, which…

Fluorescence micrograph: cultured cortical neurons with long branching dendrites in soft blue and their mitochondria as fine warm red puncta along the processes

Longevity Science7 min read

Red Light Therapy for Founder Brain Fog: A Physician-Led Evidence Review

Discover how physician-led Red Light Therapy (tPBM) addresses executive brain fog through mitochondrial support, biomarker tracking, and precision protocols.

Fluorescence micrograph: single neuron with its mitochondrial network stained teal

Longevity Science29 min read

Can NAD+ Reset the Executive Brain?

For high-performing executives, brain fog rarely looks dramatic—it shows up as slower recall, reduced mental stamina, and decision fatigue.

The still water surface of a stainless steel cold-plunge tub with a few floating shards of clear ice

Longevity Science7 min read

The Science of Hormesis: How Controlled Stress Makes You Stronger

Cold plunges, sauna sessions, fasting, and intense exercise all share one principle: brief, controlled stress triggers cellular repair pathways that make you more resilient.

Fluorescence micrograph: large flattened senescent fibroblasts with enlarged nuclei in blue and a sparse green actin skeleton

Longevity Science7 min read

Senolytics: Clearing Zombie Cells to Slow Aging

Senescent zombie cells accumulate with age, refusing to die and poisoning their neighbours with inflammatory signals. Senolytic compounds can selectively clear them. Here is where the science stands in 2026.

An unbranded white and grey injection pen with its cap off

Longevity Science7 min read

GLP-1 Drugs and Longevity: Beyond Weight Loss

Semaglutide and its successors were designed for diabetes and obesity. But emerging evidence shows GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce inflammation, protect the heart and brain, and may slow biological aging — effects that persist even without significant weight loss.

Fluorescence micrograph: two cell nuclei at high magnification, chromatin in golden amber with bright dense foci

Longevity Science7 min read

Epigenetics and Aging: How Your Lifestyle Rewrites Your DNA

Your genes are not your destiny. Epigenetic modifications — chemical tags that sit on top of your DNA — control which genes are active or silent, and your daily choices are constantly rewriting these instructions. Here is what the science says about taking control of your epigenetic age.

Fresh turmeric roots and a few black peppercorns beside a clear glass laboratory petri dish

Longevity Science7 min read

Longevity Medicine in India: From Ayurveda to Precision Health

India has been thinking about longevity for thousands of years — from Ayurveda's Rasayana therapies to modern epigenetic testing. The convergence of traditional wisdom with precision biomarkers positions India uniquely in the global longevity revolution.

Fluorescence micrograph: condensed human chromosomes tipped with cyan telomere signals

Longevity Science6 min read

Telomere Length: What It Means and Why It Matters

Telomeres are the protective caps on your chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Their length has become a popular biomarker of biological aging — but the science is more nuanced than the headlines suggest.

A stethoscope coiled beside a small rack of three blood collection tubes

Longevity Science6 min read

Medicine 3.0: Peter Attia Framework for Living Longer

Medicine 3.0 represents a paradigm shift from reactive disease treatment to proactive health optimization. This framework, popularized by Peter Attia, is the intellectual foundation of modern longevity medicine.

Fluorescence micrograph: single human fibroblast with its nucleus in blue

Longevity Science6 min read

The 12 Hallmarks of Aging: What Science Knows About Why We Age

In 2023, scientists expanded the hallmarks of aging from nine to twelve. These interconnected mechanisms explain why we age — and, crucially, where we might intervene. A comprehensive guide to the biology of aging.

Fluorescence micrograph: single human cell dividing in mitosis: chromosomes aligned in blue

Longevity Science5 min read

The Difference Between Lifespan and Healthspan

Living longer means nothing if the extra years are spent in decline. The distinction between lifespan and healthspan is the central question of modern longevity medicine — and the gap between them is wider than you think.

An empty outdoor running track at first light, white lane lines curving away and the floodlight towers switched off

Longevity Science5 min read

The Healthspan Score: Quantifying Your Health in One Number

Standard checkups give you a stack of reports. Genoryx gives you a single score — 0 to 100 — that tracks your health trajectory over time.

Fluorescence micrograph: field of human cell nuclei in blue each speckled with small cyan telomere signals

Longevity Science7 min read

What Is Biological Age — And Why It Matters More Than Your Birthday

Your passport says one thing, but your cells tell a different story. Biological age — measured through epigenetic clocks like GrimAge and DunedinPACE — reveals how fast your body is actually ageing, and it may be decades off from your chronological age.

Your biological age is a number you can measure.

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